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Seifertite (a high-pressure polymorph in SiO2) is stable above ~100GPa in the phase diagram. However, it can be observed in ~30GPa-shocked meteorites. This "seifertite puzzle" is still unresolved. Here, I will report the latest experimental results for SiO2 obtained using ultra-fast X-ray diffraction techniques with XFEL.
Sedimentary deposits provide robust constraints on the global hydrosphere and climate of early Mars, fundamental aspects to determining whether Mars had conditions suitable for sustaining life. In this talk, I will present results from two studies focused on characterizing the paleo-hydrology of the Gale crater region, the landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. The talk will focus on Martian deltaic deposits that have been previously cited as one of the strongest lines of evidence in support of an ancient northern ocean on the Red Planet. However, updated imagery and topographic data have revealed that the elevations of these deltas vary greatly, calling into question whether they were all deposited into the same body of water. This talk will investigate this hypothesis by presenting mapping and geophysical modeling results for a large number of lowland deltas near Gale crater. To place this work into context with observations at the grain scale, I will also present preliminary grain size and rounding analysis of fluvial conglomerates in Gale crater imaged by the Curiosity rover. The grain size results are used to estimate the velocity of the paleoflows that transported the grains in the conglomerates. The conglomerates occur at varying stratigraphic horizons providing an opportunity to explore how water availability may have changed over time on early Mars.
Surveys in space and time are key to answering outstanding questions in astrophysics. The power to study very large numbers of stars, galaxies, and transient events over large portions of the sky and different time scales has repeatedly led to new breakthroughs. The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman), NASA's next Astrophysics Flagship mission, takes wide field and time domain survey observations to the next level. Roman carries the Wide Field Instrument (WFI), which provides optical to near-IR imaging and spectroscopy with an unprecedented combination of field-of-view, spatial resolution, and sensitivity. When combined with a highly stable observatory and efficient operations, the WFI allows surveys never before possible. These observations will lead to new discoveries in cosmology, exoplanets, and a very wide array of other astrophysics topics ranging from high redshift galaxies to small bodies in the solar system. This presentation will provide an overview of Roman survey science, connect this science to the design of the observatory and WFI, and describe specific examples of exoplanet opportunities afforded by Roman’s capabilities.
Mercury is an extreme end-member of our Solar System in its proximity to the Sun, core size and composition, to name a few. Here Dr. Parman will focus on its extremely low oxygen fugacity, and show how this has exerted a primary control on Mercury's geochemical and geophysical evolution. Of particular interest is the role sulfur plays in changing the composition, structure and physical properties of melts, as well as the stability of solid phases. Dr. Parman will describe new experiments and (if time permits) new spacecraft missions that are needed to further our understanding of the innermost planet.
Emily Brodsky is a professor and earthquake physicist at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her research focuses on connecting empirical observations of earthquakes with fundamental physical processes. She likes things that fail catastrophically. Prof. Brodsky earned her A.B. from Harvard in 1995 and Ph.D. from Caltech in 2001. She is an elected Member of the National Academy of Sciences as well as the recipient of numerous awards including 2005 Charles Richter Early Career award from the Seismological Society of America, the 2008 James Macelwane Medal from the American Geophysical Union (AGU), the 2019 Woolard Award from the Geological Society of America (GSA), the 2019 Gutenberg Lectureship, the 2021 Price Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, the 2022 Nemmers Award in Earth Science and is a Fellow of both AGU and GSA. She has served on the Board of Directors of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) and Incorporated Research Institutes for Seismology (IRIS) and is the chair of the Executive Committee of SZ4D. She has published over 140 peer-reviewed articles and presented over 150 invited lectures in 30 states and 13 countries. Her work has been featured in major press outlets such as the BBC, NPR, Time Magazine, NY Times, Nature, Reuters, LA Times and The Wall Street Journal. She has mentored more than 40 graduate students and postdoctoral scholars, many who have gone on to become leaders in the field.
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